The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India ( Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy.
Mumbai is the financial, commercial, and the entertainment capital of India. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement.
Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. For centuries, the seven islands of Bombay were under the control of successive indigenous rulers before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire, and subsequently to the East India Company in 1661, through the dowry of Catherine Braganza when she was married off to Charles II of England. The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were earlier home to communities of Marathi language-speaking Koli people. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23 million (2.3 crore). As per the Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India, with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million (1.25 crore) living under the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second-most populous city in India after Delhi, and the eighth-most populous city in the world, with a population of roughly 20 million (2 crore). Mumbai ( English: / m ʊ m ˈ b aɪ/ ( listen), Marathi: also known as Bombay / b ɒ m ˈ b eɪ/- the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the de facto financial centre of India. Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, and The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbaiġ987, 2004, 2018 (11th, 28th 42nd sessions)
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